Dopamine ne mai ban sha'awa neurotransmitter wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ladan kwakwalwa da cibiyoyin jin daɗi. Sau da yawa ana kiranta da sinadarai "jin daɗi", yana da alhakin nau'ikan tsarin ilimin lissafi da na tunani waɗanda ke tasiri ga yanayinmu gaba ɗaya, kuzari, har ma da halayen jaraba.
Dopamine, sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "jin dadi" neurotransmitter, an fara gano shi a cikin 1950s ta masanin kimiyyar Sweden Arvid Carlsson. An rarraba shi a matsayin monoamine neurotransmitter, wanda ke nufin shi manzo ne na sinadarai wanda ke ɗaukar sigina tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiya. Ana samar da Dopamine a wurare da yawa na kwakwalwa, ciki har da substantia nigra, yankin ventral tegmental, da hypothalamus na kwakwalwa.
Babban aikin dopamine shine watsa sigina tsakanin neurons kuma yana tasiri ayyukan jiki daban-daban. Ana tunanin daidaita motsi, martani na motsin rai, motsawa, da jin daɗin jin daɗi da lada. Dopamine kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matakai daban-daban na fahimi kamar koyo, ƙwaƙwalwa, da hankali.
Lokacin da aka saki dopamine a cikin hanyoyin ladan kwakwalwa, yana haifar da jin daɗi ko gamsuwa.
A lokacin jin daɗi da lada, muna samar da adadi mai yawa na dopamine, kuma lokacin da matakan suka yi ƙasa sosai, muna jin rashin kuzari da rashin taimako.
Bugu da ƙari, tsarin ladan kwakwalwa yana da alaƙa da dopamine. Matsayin neurotransmitters shine haɓaka jin daɗin jin daɗi da ƙarfafawa, ta haka ne ke haifar da kuzari. Tura mu don cimma burinmu da neman lada.
Ana samar da Dopamine a wurare da yawa na kwakwalwa, ciki har da substantia nigra da ventral tegmental area. Wadannan wurare suna aiki a matsayin masana'antun dopamine, suna samarwa da kuma sakewa da wannan neurotransmitter zuwa sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Da zarar an sake shi, dopamine yana ɗaure ga takamaiman masu karɓa (wanda ake kira dopamine receptors) waɗanda ke saman tantanin halitta.
Akwai nau'ikan masu karɓa na dopamine guda biyar, D1 zuwa D5. Kowane nau'in mai karɓa yana samuwa a cikin wani yanki na kwakwalwa daban-daban, yana barin dopamine ya sami tasiri daban-daban. Lokacin da dopamine ya ɗaure ga mai karɓa, yana motsa ko hana ayyukan tantanin halitta, ya danganta da nau'in mai karɓa wanda aka haɗa shi.
Dopamine yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita motsi a cikin hanyar nigrostriatal. A cikin wannan hanyar, dopamine yana taimakawa sarrafawa da daidaita ayyukan tsoka.
A cikin prefrontal cortex, dopamine yana taimakawa daidaita ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, yana ba mu damar riƙe da sarrafa bayanai a cikin zukatanmu. Har ila yau, yana taka rawa a cikin kulawa da yanke shawara. Rashin daidaituwa a cikin matakan dopamine a cikin prefrontal cortex an danganta su da yanayi kamar rashin kulawa da rashin hankali (ADHD) da schizophrenia.
Saki da ka'idojin dopamine suna da ƙarfi ta hanyar kwakwalwa don kula da daidaituwa da tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun. Tsarin tsari mai rikitarwa na hanyoyin amsawa, wanda ya haɗa da sauran masu watsawa da kuma sassan kwakwalwa, yana daidaita matakan dopamine.
Dopamine manzo ne na sinadari, ko neurotransmitter, a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke ɗaukar sigina tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiya. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyuka daban-daban na kwakwalwa, gami da daidaita motsi, yanayi, da martani na motsin rai, yana mai da shi muhimmin sashi na lafiyar kwakwalwarmu. Koyaya, rashin daidaituwa a cikin matakan dopamine na iya haifar da lamuran kiwon lafiya iri-iri.
●Bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da damuwa na iya samun ƙananan matakan dopamine a wasu yankunan kwakwalwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar motsawa da jin dadi a cikin ayyukan yau da kullum.
●Rashin daidaiton matakan dopamine na iya haifar da rikicewar tashin hankali. Ƙara yawan ayyukan dopamine a wasu yankunan kwakwalwa na iya haifar da ƙara yawan damuwa da rashin kwanciyar hankali.
●Yawan aikin dopamine a cikin takamaiman yankuna na kwakwalwa ana tsammanin zai ba da gudummawa ga alamun schizophrenia, kamar ruɗi da ruɗi.
●Magunguna da halayen jaraba suna haɓaka matakan dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa, suna haifar da euphoric da jin daɗi. A tsawon lokaci, kwakwalwa ta zama ta dogara da waɗannan abubuwa ko halaye don saki dopamine, haifar da sake zagayowar jaraba.
Tambaya: Za a iya amfani da magani don daidaita matakan dopamine?
A: Ee, ana amfani da wasu magunguna, irin su dopamine agonists ko dopamine reuptake inhibitors, don magance yanayin da ke da alaƙa da dysregulation na dopamine. Wadannan magunguna na iya taimakawa wajen dawo da ma'auni na dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma rage alamun da ke hade da yanayi kamar cutar Parkinson ko damuwa.
Tambaya: Ta yaya mutum zai iya kiyaye ma'aunin dopamine lafiya?
A: Kula da salon rayuwa mai kyau, gami da motsa jiki na yau da kullun, abinci mai gina jiki, isasshen bacci, da sarrafa damuwa, na iya ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen tsarin dopamine. Shiga cikin ayyuka masu daɗi, kafa maƙasudai da ake iya cimmawa, da aiwatar da hankali kuma na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye ma'aunin dopamine lafiya.
Disclaimer: Wannan labarin don dalilai ne na bayanai kawai kuma bai kamata a yi la'akari da shawarar likita ba. Koyaushe tuntuɓi ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya kafin amfani da kowane kari ko canza tsarin kula da lafiyar ku.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-15-2023