Ana kuma kiran NAD+ da coenzyme, kuma cikakken sunansa shine nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Yana da muhimmin coenzyme a cikin zagayowar tricarboxylic acid. Yana haɓaka metabolism na sukari, mai, da amino acid, yana shiga cikin haɗakar makamashi, kuma yana shiga cikin dubban martani a cikin kowace ƙwayar halitta. Yawancin bayanai na gwaji sun nuna cewa NAD+ yana da hannu sosai a cikin ayyuka daban-daban na ilimin halittar jiki a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ta haka yana shiga cikin manyan ayyukan ƙwayoyin halitta kamar metabolism na makamashi, gyaran DNA, gyaran kwayoyin halitta, kumburi, rhythms na halitta, da juriya ga damuwa.
A cewar wani bincike da ya dace, matakin NAD+ a jikin ɗan adam zai ragu da shekaru. Rage matakan NAD+ na iya haifar da raguwar jijiyoyi, asarar gani, kiba, raguwar aikin zuciya da sauran raguwar aiki. Saboda haka, yadda ake ƙara matakin NAD+ a jikin ɗan adam koyaushe tambaya ce. Batun bincike mai zafi a cikin al'ummar likitanci.
Domin, yayin da muke tsufa, DNA lalacewar tana ƙaruwa. A lokacin gyaran DNA, buƙatar PARP1 tana ƙaruwa, aikin SIRT yana da iyaka, yawan amfani da NAD+ yana ƙaruwa, kuma adadin NAD+ yana raguwa ta halitta.
Jikinmu yana da kimanin ƙwayoyin halitta tiriliyan 37. Dole ne ƙwayoyin halitta su cika yawancin halayen "aiki" ko na ƙwayoyin halitta - domin su kula da kansu. Kowanne daga cikin ƙwayoyin halittarku tiriliyan 37 ya dogara ne akan NAD+ don yin aikinsa na ci gaba.
Yayin da yawan jama'a a duniya ke tsufa, cututtuka masu alaƙa da tsufa kamar cutar Alzheimer, cututtukan zuciya, matsalolin gaɓɓai, barci, da matsalolin zuciya sun zama manyan cututtuka da ke barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam.
NAD+ Matakan suna raguwa da shekaru, bisa ga ma'aunin samfuran fatar ɗan adam:
Sakamakon aunawa ya nuna cewa yayin da shekaru ke ƙaruwa, NAD+ da ke jikin ɗan adam zai ragu a hankali. To me ke haifar da raguwar NAD+?
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar NAD+ sune: tsufa da ƙaruwar buƙatar NAD+, wanda ke haifar da raguwar matakan NAD+ a cikin kyallen takarda da yawa, gami da hanta, tsokar ƙashi, da kwakwalwa. Sakamakon raguwar, ana tsammanin rashin aikin mitochondrial, damuwa ta oxidative da kumburi suna taimakawa wajen haifar da matsalolin lafiya da suka shafi tsufa, suna haifar da mummunan zagaye.
1. NAD+ yana aiki a matsayin coenzyme a cikin mitochondria don haɓaka daidaiton metabolism, NAD+ yana taka rawa musamman a cikin hanyoyin metabolism kamar glycolysis, zagayowar TCA (wanda aka fi sani da zagayowar Krebs ko zagayowar citric acid) da kuma sarkar jigilar lantarki, shine yadda ƙwayoyin halitta ke samun kuzari. Tsufa da cin abinci mai yawan kalori suna rage matakan NAD+ a jiki.
Bincike ya nuna cewa a cikin tsofaffin beraye, shan kari na NAD+ yana rage yawan kiba da ke da alaƙa da abinci ko tsufa da kuma inganta ƙarfin motsa jiki. Bugu da ƙari, bincike ya ma ya sauya tasirin ciwon suga a cikin beraye mata, yana nuna sabbin dabarun yaƙi da cututtukan metabolism kamar kiba.
NAD+ yana ɗaurewa da enzymes kuma yana canja wurin electrons tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta. Electrons sune tushen kuzarin ƙwayoyin halitta. NAD+ yana aiki akan ƙwayoyin halitta kamar sake caji baturi. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da electrons, batirin ya mutu. A cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, NAD+ na iya haɓaka canja wurin electrons da samar da makamashi ga ƙwayoyin halitta. Ta wannan hanyar, NAD+ na iya rage ko ƙara ayyukan enzyme, yana haɓaka bayyanar kwayoyin halitta da siginar ƙwayoyin halitta.
NAD+ yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa lalacewar DNA
Yayin da halittu ke tsufa, abubuwan da ba su dace ba na muhalli kamar radiation, gurɓatawa, da kuma kwafi na DNA mara inganci na iya lalata DNA. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ka'idojin tsufa. Kusan dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta suna ɗauke da "injinan ƙwayoyin halitta" don gyara wannan lalacewar.
Wannan gyaran yana buƙatar NAD+ da kuzari, don haka lalacewar DNA mai yawa yana cinye albarkatun ƙwayoyin halitta masu mahimmanci. Aikin PARP, wani muhimmin furotin na gyaran DNA, shi ma ya dogara da NAD+. Tsufa na yau da kullun yana haifar da lalacewar DNA ta taruwa a jiki, RARP yana ƙaruwa, don haka yawan NAD+ yana raguwa. Lalacewar DNA ta Mitochondrial a kowane mataki zai ƙara ta'azzara wannan raguwar.
2. NAD+ yana shafar ayyukan kwayoyin halittar Sirtuins na tsawon rai kuma yana hana tsufa.
Sabbin kwayoyin halittar da aka gano na tsawon rai, wato sirtuins, waɗanda aka fi sani da "masu kula da kwayoyin halitta," suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye lafiyar ƙwayoyin halitta. Sirtuins dangin enzymes ne da ke da hannu a cikin mayar da martani ga damuwa da gyaran lalacewar ƙwayoyin halitta. Suna kuma da hannu a cikin fitar da insulin, tsarin tsufa, da kuma matsalolin lafiya da suka shafi tsufa kamar cututtukan neurodegenerative da ciwon suga.
NAD+ man fetur ne da ke taimaka wa sirtuins su riƙe amincin kwayoyin halitta da kuma inganta gyaran DNA. Kamar yadda mota ba za ta iya rayuwa ba tare da mai ba, Sirtuins suna buƙatar NAD+ don kunnawa. Sakamakon binciken dabbobi ya nuna cewa ƙara yawan NAD+ a jiki yana kunna sunadaran sirtuin kuma yana tsawaita tsawon rai a cikin yisti da beraye.
3. Aikin zuciya
Ƙara matakan NAD+ yana kare zuciya da inganta aikin zuciya. Hawan jini na iya haifar da faɗaɗar zuciya da toshewar jijiyoyin jini, wanda zai iya haifar da bugun jini. Bayan cike gurbin NAD+ a cikin zuciya ta hanyar kari na NAD+, lalacewar zuciya da reperfusion ke haifarwa za ta ragu. Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa kari na NAD+ kuma yana kare beraye daga faɗaɗar zuciya mara kyau.
4. Rashin lafiyar jijiyoyi
A cikin beraye masu fama da cutar Alzheimer, ƙara matakan NAD+ yana inganta aikin fahimta ta hanyar rage tarin sunadaran da ke kawo cikas ga sadarwa ta kwakwalwa. Ƙara matakan NAD+ kuma yana kare ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa daga mutuwa lokacin da babu isasshen jini da ke kwarara zuwa kwakwalwa. Da alama NAD+ yana da sabon alkawari wajen kare kansa daga cututtukan jijiyoyi da inganta ƙwaƙwalwa.
5. Tsarin garkuwar jiki
Yayin da muke tsufa, tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana raguwa kuma muna fuskantar rashin lafiya. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa matakan NAD+ suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita martanin garkuwar jiki da kumburi da kuma rayuwar ƙwayoyin halitta yayin tsufa. Binciken ya nuna yuwuwar warkewa ta NAD+ don rashin aikin garkuwar jiki.
6. Daidaita tsarin metabolism
Ku yi yaƙi da lalacewar oxidative
NAD+ na iya taimakawa wajen jinkirta tsufa ta hanyar hana halayen kumburi, daidaita yanayin redox na jiki, kare ƙwayoyin halitta daga lalacewa, da kuma kiyaye ayyukan metabolism na yau da kullun.
7. Taimaka wajen rage ciwon daji
NAD+ kuma zai iya hana da kuma magance cutar leukopenia da ke faruwa sakamakon radiotherapy da chemotherapy, inganta juriyar magunguna da amfani da kwayoyin rigakafi na PD-1/PD-L1 na dogon lokaci ke haifarwa, da kuma inganta kunna ƙwayoyin T da kuma ikon kashe ƙari.
8. Inganta aikin ƙwayar mahaifa
Matakan NAD+ a cikin kwai na mata suna raguwa ta hanyar da ta dogara da shekaru. Ƙara yawan NAD+ zai iya haifar da raguwar yawan kwai na mata.inganta aikin mitochondrial na ovarian,rage matakan iskar oxygen mai amsawa a cikin tsufan oocytes, da kuma jinkirta tsufan ovarian.
9. Inganta ingancin barci
NAD+ na iya inganta rashin daidaiton yanayin circadian, inganta ingancin barci, da kuma haɓaka barci ta hanyar daidaita agogon halitta.
Gabobin jiki daban-daban ba sa wanzuwa daban-daban. Alaƙa da mu'amala tsakaninsu sun fi kusanci fiye da yadda muke tsammani. Ana iya jigilar abubuwan da ƙwayar halitta ke fitarwa zuwa kowane wuri a cikin jiki nan take; ana watsa bayanan neurotransmitter da sauri kamar walƙiya. Fatarmu, a matsayin shingen jiki gaba ɗaya, ita ce layin gaba na fagen fama kuma tana da saurin kamuwa da raunuka daban-daban. Lokacin da ba za a iya gyara waɗannan raunuka ba, matsaloli daban-daban kamar tsufa za su biyo baya.
Da farko, tsarin tsufa na fata yana tare da jerin canje-canje a matakan ƙwayoyin halitta da na ƙwayoyin halitta, waɗanda za a iya yada su zuwa wasu kyallen takarda ko gabobin jiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Misali, yawan ƙwayoyin p16 masu kyau (alamar tsufa) a cikin fata yana da alaƙa mai kyau da alamun tsufa na ƙwayoyin rigakafi, wanda ke nufin cewa shekarun halitta na fata na iya annabta tsufa na jiki zuwa wani mataki. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya gano cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na fata na iya hasashen shekarun tarihi daidai, yana ƙara tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin fata da tsufa na tsarin.
Littattafan da suka gabata sun ruwaito cewa tsarin tsufa tsakanin gaɓoɓi daban-daban a cikin jiki ba shi da alaƙa, kuma fata na iya zama gabobi na farko da ke nuna alamun tsufa. Dangane da kusancin da ke tsakanin tsufan fata da sauran gaɓoɓin jiki, mutane suna da dalilin yin zargin cewa tsufan fata na iya haifar da tsufan dukkan jiki.
Tsufa fata na iya shafar kwakwalwa ta hanyar tsarin endocrine
Tsufa ta fata na iya shafar dukkan jiki ta hanyar tsarin hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Fata ba wai kawai shinge ba ce, tana da ayyukan neuroendocrine kuma tana iya amsawa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli da kuma fitar da hormones, neuropeptides da sauran abubuwa.
Misali, hasken ultraviolet na iya haifar da sakin nau'ikan hormones da masu shiga tsakani na kumburi, kamar cortisol da cytokines. Waɗannan abubuwa na iya kunna tsarin HPA a cikin fata. Kunna axis na HPA yana sa hypothalamus ya saki corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Wannan kuma yana motsa glandar pituitary ta gaba don fitar da hormone adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), wanda a ƙarshe ke sa glandar adrenal ta fitar da hormones na damuwa kamar cortisol. Cortisol na iya shafar wurare da yawa na kwakwalwa, gami da hippocampus. Yawan shan cortisol na yau da kullun ko wuce gona da iri na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga aikin jijiyoyi da kuma ƙarfin jiki a cikin hippocampus. Wannan kuma yana shafar aikin hippocampus da kuma martanin damuwa na kwakwalwa.
Wannan sadarwa tsakanin fata da kwakwalwa ta tabbatar da cewa tsarin tsufa na iya faruwa ne sakamakon abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, wadanda suka fara haifar da martanin fata sannan suka shafi kwakwalwa ta hanyar tsarin HPA, wanda hakan ke haifar da matsalolin tsarin kamar raguwar fahimta da kuma karuwar barazanar kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
Kwayoyin tsufa na fata suna fitar da SASP kuma suna haifar da kumburi don haifar da tsufa da cututtuka masu alaƙa da tsufa.
Tsufa fata na iya shafar dukkan jiki ta hanyar haɓaka kumburi da rigakafi. Tsufa ƙwayoyin fata suna fitar da wani abu da ake kira "nau'in sikirin da ke da alaƙa da tsufa" (SASP), wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan cytokines da matrix metalloproteinases. SASP yana da amfani a fannin jiki. Yana iya tsayayya da yanayi mai cutarwa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, yayin da ayyukan jiki ke raguwa, yawan fitar da SASP na iya haifar da kumburi a jiki da kuma haifar da rashin aiki na ƙwayoyin da ke maƙwabtaka, gami da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ƙwayoyin endothelial. Ana tsammanin wannan yanayin kumburi mai ƙarancin daraja shine babban abin da ke haifar da cututtuka da yawa da suka shafi shekaru.
Coenzymes suna shiga cikin metabolism na muhimman abubuwa kamar sukari, mai, da furotin a jikin ɗan adam, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita metabolism na kayan jiki da makamashi da kuma kiyaye ayyukan jiki na yau da kullun.NAD shine mafi mahimmancin coenzyme a jikin ɗan adam, wanda kuma ake kira coenzyme I. Yana shiga cikin dubban halayen redox enzymatic a cikin jikin ɗan adam. Yana da mahimmanci ga metabolism na kowace ƙwayar halitta. Yana da ayyuka da yawa, manyan ayyuka sune:
1. Inganta samar da makamashin halittu
NAD+ yana samar da ATP ta hanyar numfashin ƙwayoyin halitta, yana ƙara kuzarin ƙwayoyin halitta kai tsaye da kuma inganta aikin ƙwayoyin halitta;
2. Gyara kwayoyin halitta
NAD+ shine kawai tushen enzyme na gyaran DNA PARP. Wannan nau'in enzyme yana shiga cikin gyaran DNA, yana taimakawa wajen gyara DNA da ƙwayoyin da suka lalace, yana rage damar maye gurbin ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma yana hana faruwar cutar kansa;
3. Kunna dukkan furotin masu tsawon rai
NAD+ zai iya kunna dukkan sunadaran tsawon rai guda 7, don haka NAD+ yana da tasiri mafi mahimmanci akan hana tsufa da tsawaita rayuwa;
4. Ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki
NAD+ yana ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki kuma yana inganta garkuwar jiki ta hanyar yin tasiri ga rayuwa da aikin ƙwayoyin T masu tsari.
Abin lura shi ne, tsufa yana tare da raguwar matakan NAD+ na nama da ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, ciki har da beraye da mutane. Raguwar matakan NAD+ yana da alaƙa da cututtuka da yawa da ke da alaƙa da tsufa, gami da raguwar fahimta, ciwon daji, cututtukan metabolism, sarcopenia, da rauni.
Babu isasshen NAD+ a jikinmu. Abubuwan da ke cikin NAD+ da ayyukansa a jikin ɗan adam za su ragu da tsufa, kuma zai ragu da sauri bayan shekaru 30, wanda ke haifar da tsufan ƙwayoyin halitta, apoptosis da kuma asarar ƙarfin sake farfaɗowa.
Bugu da ƙari, raguwar NAD+ zai kuma haifar da jerin matsalolin lafiya, don haka idan ba za a iya sake cika NAD+ akan lokaci ba, ana iya tunanin sakamakon.
Karin abinci daga abinci
Abinci kamar kabeji, broccoli, avocado, nama, namomin kaza, da edamame suna ɗauke da abubuwan da ke haifar da NAD+, waɗanda za a iya mayar da su zuwa NAD* mai aiki a jiki bayan an sha su.
Rage kalori da abinci mai gina jiki
Matsakaicin ƙuntatawa a cikin adadin kuzari na iya kunna hanyoyin da ke sa kuzari ya yi tasiri a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma a kaikaice yana ƙara matakan NAD*. Amma tabbatar da cewa kun ci abinci mai kyau don biyan buƙatun abinci mai gina jiki na jikin ku.
Ci gaba da motsa jiki da kuma motsa jiki
Motsa jiki mai matsakaicin motsa jiki kamar gudu da iyo na iya ƙara matakan NAD+ a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a jiki da kuma inganta metabolism na makamashi.
Bi hanyoyin barci masu kyau
A lokacin barci, jikin ɗan adam yana gudanar da muhimman hanyoyin metabolism da gyarawa, gami da haɗa NAD*. Samun isasshen barci yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye matakan NAD* na yau da kullun.
05 Ƙarin abubuwan da suka riga sun fara NAD+
Mutane masu zuwa ba za su iya karɓar magani ba
Mutane masu ƙarancin aikin koda, waɗanda ake yi wa dialysis, masu fama da farfadiya, mata masu juna biyu, mata masu shayarwa, yara, waɗanda a halin yanzu ake yi musu maganin ciwon daji, waɗanda ke shan magani, da kuma waɗanda ke da tarihin rashin lafiyan jiki, da fatan za a tuntuɓi likitan da ke kula da lafiyarsu.
T: Me ake amfani da kari na NAD+?
Karin A:NAD+ kari ne na abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke ƙara coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD+ yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita makamashi da gyaran ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta.
T: Shin kari na NAD+ yana aiki da gaske?
A: Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa kari na NAD+ na iya taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin samar da makamashin tantanin halitta da kuma rage tsufa.
T: Menene tushen abinci na NAD+?
A: Tushen abinci na NAD+ sun haɗa da nama, kifi, kayayyakin kiwo, wake, goro da kayan lambu. Waɗannan abincin suna ɗauke da ƙarin niacinamide da niacin, waɗanda za a iya canza su zuwa NAD+ a jiki.
T: Ta yaya zan zaɓi ƙarin NAD+?
A: Lokacin zabar kari na NAD+, ana ba da shawarar da farko ka nemi shawara daga likita ko masanin abinci mai gina jiki don fahimtar buƙatunka na abinci mai gina jiki da yanayin lafiyarka. Bugu da ƙari, zaɓi wani kamfani mai suna, duba sinadaran samfurin da kuma yawan amfani da shi, sannan ka bi umarnin da ke kan abin da aka saka a cikin samfurin.
Bayanin Kariya: Wannan labarin don bayanai ne kawai kuma bai kamata a fassara shi a matsayin wata shawara ta likita ba. Wasu daga cikin bayanan da aka wallafa a shafin yanar gizo sun fito ne daga Intanet kuma ba ƙwararru ba ne. Wannan gidan yanar gizon yana da alhakin tsarawa, tsarawa da kuma gyara labarai kawai. Manufar isar da ƙarin bayani ba yana nufin cewa kun yarda da ra'ayoyinsa ko tabbatar da sahihancin abubuwan da ke ciki ba. Kullum ku tuntuɓi ƙwararren likita kafin amfani da duk wani kari ko yin canje-canje ga tsarin kula da lafiyar ku.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-06-2024
