Kimiyya Bayan Urolithin A: Abin da Kuna Bukatar Sanin

Urolitin A (UA)wani fili ne da aka samar ta hanyar metabolism na flora na hanji a cikin abinci mai arzikin ellagitannins (kamar rumman, raspberries, da sauransu). Ana la'akari da shi yana da anti-mai kumburi, anti-tsufa, antioxidant, shigar da mitophagy, da dai sauransu, kuma zai iya ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa. Yawancin karatu sun tabbatar da cewa urolithin A na iya jinkirta tsufa, kuma binciken asibiti ya nuna sakamako mai kyau.

Menene urolithin A?

Urolithin A (Uro-A) wani nau'in ellagitannin ne (ET) - nau'in intestinal flora metabolite. An gano shi a hukumance kuma an sanya masa suna a shekara ta 2005. Tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​shine C13H8O4, kuma adadin kwayoyin halittar danginsa shine 228.2. A matsayin abin da ke faruwa na rayuwa na Uro-A, manyan hanyoyin abinci na ET sune rumman, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts da jan giya. UA samfuri ne na ETs da aka daidaita ta ƙwayoyin hanji. UA yana da fa'idodin aikace-aikace masu fa'ida a cikin rigakafi da magance cututtuka da yawa. A lokaci guda, UA yana da fa'idodin abinci iri-iri.

An gudanar da bincike kan tasirin antioxidant na urolithins. Urolithin-A ba ya wanzu a cikin yanayin yanayi, amma ana samar da shi ta hanyar jerin sauye-sauye na ET ta flora na hanji. UA samfuri ne na ETs da aka daidaita ta ƙwayoyin hanji. Abincin da ke cikin ET yana wucewa ta ciki da ƙananan hanji a cikin jikin ɗan adam, kuma a ƙarshe ana daidaita su cikin Uro-A a cikin hanji. Hakanan ana iya gano ƙaramin adadin Uro-A a cikin ƙananan ƙananan hanji.

A matsayin mahaɗan polyphenolic na halitta, ETs sun jawo hankali sosai saboda ayyukansu na halitta kamar antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-viral. Bugu da ƙari, ana samun su daga abinci irin su rumman, strawberries, gyada, raspberries da almonds, ETs kuma ana samun su a cikin gallnuts, peels na rumman, myrobalan, Dimininus, geranium, betel nut, sea buckthorn ganye, Phyllanthus, Uncaria, Sanguisorba, A Sinanci. magunguna irin su Phyllanthus emblica da Agrimony.

Ƙungiyar hydroxyl a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta na ETs yana da ƙarancin iyakacin duniya, wanda ba shi da amfani don sha ta bangon hanji, kuma bioavailability nasa yana da ƙasa sosai. Yawancin bincike sun gano cewa bayan ETs da jikin ɗan adam ya cinye su, ana daidaita su ta hanyar flora na hanji a cikin hanji kuma ya canza zuwa urolithin kafin a sha. ETs suna hydrolyzed cikin ellagic acid (EA) a cikin babba gastrointestinal fili, kuma EA yana wucewa ta cikin hanji. Furen kwayan cuta yana ƙara aiwatarwa kuma ya rasa zoben lactone kuma yana ci gaba da jujjuya halayen dehydroxylation don samar da urolithin. Akwai rahotanni cewa urolithin na iya zama tushen abu don tasirin ilimin halitta na ET a cikin jiki.

Menene bioavailability na urolithin da ke da alaƙa?

Ganin wannan, idan kuna da wayo, ƙila kun riga kun san abin da ke da alaƙa da bioavailability na UA.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine abun da ke tattare da microbiome, saboda ba dukkanin nau'in kwayoyin halitta ba zasu iya samarwa. Kayan albarkatun kasa na UA shine ellagitannins da aka samo daga abinci. Wannan precursor yana samuwa cikin sauƙi kuma kusan a cikin yanayi.

Ellagitannins ana sanya ruwa a cikin hanji don sakin ellagic acid, wanda furen hanji ke sarrafa shi zuwa urolithin A.

A cewar wani bincike a cikin mujallar Cell, kashi 40 cikin 100 na mutane ne kawai za su iya juyar da urolitin A daga mafarin sa zuwa urolithin A mai amfani.

Menene ayyukan urolitin A?

Maganin tsufa

Ka'idar radical free na tsufa ta yi imanin cewa nau'in iskar oxygen da aka samar a cikin metabolism na mitochondrial yana haifar da damuwa na oxidative a cikin jiki kuma yana haifar da tsufa, kuma mitophagy yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye lafiyar mitochondrial da mutunci. An ba da rahoton cewa UA na iya daidaita mitophagy kuma don haka nuna yiwuwar jinkirta tsufa. Ryu et al. gano cewa UA ta rage rashin aikin mitochondrial da tsawaita rayuwa a cikin Caenorhabditis elegans ta hanyar haifar da mitophagy; a cikin rodents, UA na iya canza raguwar aikin tsoka da ke da alaƙa da shekaru, yana nuna cewa UA yana inganta aikin mitochondrial ta haɓaka ƙwayar tsoka da haɓaka rayuwar jiki. Liu et al. amfani da UA don shiga tsakani a cikin tsofaffin fibroblasts na fata. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa UA ta ƙara yawan magana na nau'in collagen I kuma ya rage matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Hakanan ya kunna nau'in Factor Factor E2 mai alaƙa da 2 (factor factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) -matsakaicin amsawar antioxidant yana rage ROS na cikin salula, ta haka yana nuna ƙarfin rigakafin tsufa.

Antioxidant sakamako

A halin yanzu, an gudanar da bincike da yawa akan tasirin antioxidant na urolithin. Daga cikin dukkanin metabolites na urolithin, Uro-A yana da aikin antioxidant mafi ƙarfi, na biyu kawai zuwa proanthocyanidin oligomers, catechins, epicatechin da 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Matsakaicin ƙarfin ɗaukar iskar oxygen (ORAC) na plasma na masu sa kai masu lafiya sun gano cewa ƙarfin antioxidant ya karu da 32% bayan 0.5 h na shan ruwan rumman, amma matakin nau'in oxygen mai amsawa bai canza sosai ba, yayin da a cikin Neuro-In. Gwaje-gwajen vitro akan sel 2a sun gano cewa Uro-A na iya rage matakin nau'in iskar oxygen mai amsawa a cikin sel. Waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa Uro-A yana da tasirin antioxidant mai ƙarfi.

03. Urolithin A da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini

Yawan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya (CVD) na duniya yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, kuma adadin mace-mace ya kasance mai girma. Ba wai kawai yana ƙara nauyin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin ba, har ma yana tasiri sosai ga ingancin rayuwar mutane. CVD cuta ce mai yawa. Kumburi na iya ƙara haɗarin CVD. Danniya na Oxidative yana da alaƙa da pathogenesis na CVD. Akwai rahotanni cewa metabolites da aka samo daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin hanji suna da alaƙa da haɗarin CVD.

An ba da rahoton UA ​​yana da tasirin anti-mai kumburi da antioxidant mai ƙarfi, kuma binciken da ya dace ya tabbatar da cewa UA na iya taka rawa mai fa'ida a cikin CVD. Savi et al. yayi amfani da samfurin bera mai ciwon sukari don gudanar da nazarin vivo akan cututtukan zuciya na ciwon sukari kuma ya gano cewa UA na iya rage farkon ƙumburi na nama na nama zuwa hyperglycemia, inganta microenvironment na zuciya, da haɓaka dawo da kwangilar cardiomyocyte da haɓakar calcium, yana nuna cewa UA na iya It za a iya amfani da shi azaman ƙarin magani don sarrafa cututtukan zuciya na ciwon sukari da hana rikitarwa.

UA na iya inganta aikin mitochondrial da aikin tsoka ta hanyar haifar da mitophagy. Mitochondria na zuciya sune mahimman gabobin da ke da alhakin samar da wadataccen makamashi na ATP. Rashin aiki na mitochondrial shine tushen dalilin gazawar zuciya. Rashin aikin mitochondrial a halin yanzu ana la'akari da yuwuwar manufa ta magani. Saboda haka, UA kuma ta zama sabon ɗan takara magani don maganin CVD.

Urolitin A da cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini

Neuroinflammation wani muhimmin tsari ne a cikin abin da ya faru da kuma ci gaban cututtukan neurodegenerative (ND). Apoptosis lalacewa ta hanyar oxidative danniya da mahaukaci gina jiki tarawa sau da yawa jawo neuroinflammation, da kuma pro-mai kumburi cytokines saki ta neuroinflammation sa'an nan rinjayar neurodegeneration.

Nazarin sun gano cewa UA ta ƙaddamar da aikin anti-mai kumburi ta hanyar haifar da autophagy da kunna tsarin siginar shiru na 1 (SIRT-1) deacetylation, hana neuroinflammation da neurotoxicity, da kuma hana neurodegeneration, yana nuna cewa UA shine ingantaccen Neuroprotective wakili. A lokaci guda kuma, wasu binciken sun gano cewa UA na iya yin tasirin neuroprotective ta hanyar lalata radicals kyauta da kuma hana oxidases.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa ruwan 'ya'yan itacen rumman yana taka rawar neuroprotective ta hanyar haɓaka ayyukan mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, kiyaye matakin furotin na anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL, rage haɓakar α-synuclein da lalacewar oxidative, da kuma shafar ayyukan neuronal da kwanciyar hankali. Urolithin mahadi su ne metabolites da sakamako na ellagitannins a cikin jiki kuma suna da ayyukan nazarin halittu kamar su anti-kumburi, anti-oxidative danniya, da kuma anti-apoptosis. Urolithin na iya yin aikin neuroprotective ta hanyar shingen jini-kwakwalwa kuma yana da yuwuwar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don shiga cikin cututtukan neurodegenerative.

Urolithin A da haɗin gwiwa da cututtukan degenerative na kashin baya

Cututtuka masu lalacewa suna haifar da abubuwa da yawa kamar tsufa, damuwa, da rauni. Mafi yawan cututtuka masu lalacewa na gidajen abinci sune osteoarthritis (OA) da cututtukan cututtuka na intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Abin da ya faru zai iya haifar da ciwo da iyakacin aiki, wanda zai haifar da asarar aiki da kuma mummunar haɗari ga lafiyar jama'a. Hanyar UA a cikin maganin cututtukan cututtuka na kashin baya IDD na iya zama alaƙa da jinkirta jinkirin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (NP) apoptosis cell. NP wani muhimmin sashi ne na diski na intervertebral. Yana kula da aikin nazarin halittu na diski na intervertebral ta hanyar rarraba matsa lamba da kiyaye matrix homeostasis. Nazarin ya gano cewa UA yana haifar da mitophagy ta hanyar kunna hanyar siginar AMPK, ta haka ne ya hana tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) apoptosis na kwayoyin NP na osteosarcoma na mutum da kuma rage raguwar diski na intervertebral.

Urolitin A da cututtuka na rayuwa

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka na rayuwa kamar kiba da ciwon sukari na karuwa kowace shekara, kuma amfanin polyphenols na abinci ga lafiyar ɗan adam an tabbatar da shi daga bangarori da yawa kuma sun nuna damar yin rigakafi da magance cututtuka na rayuwa. Pomegranate polyphenols da intestinal metabolite UA na iya inganta alamun asibiti da suka shafi cututtuka na rayuwa, irin su lipase, α-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) da dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) da ke cikin glucose da fatty acid metabolism. 4), da kuma kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa irin su adiponectin, PPARγ, GLUT4 da FABP4 waɗanda ke shafar bambance-bambancen adipocyte da triglyceride (TG) tarawa.

Bugu da kari, wasu binciken sun kuma gano cewa UA tana da yuwuwar rage alamun kiba. UA samfuri ne na metabolism na hanji na polyphenols. Wadannan metabolites suna da ikon rage tarin TG a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta da adipocytes. Abdulrasheed et al. ciyar da abinci mai kitse ga berayen Wistar don haifar da kiba. Jiyya na UA ba kawai ƙara yawan mai a cikin feces ba, amma har ma ya rage yawan adipose nama na visceral da nauyin jiki ta hanyar daidaita kwayoyin halitta masu dangantaka da lipogenesis da fatty acid oxidation. Yana rage tarin kitse na hanta da danniya mai iskar oxygen. A lokaci guda, UA na iya ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi ta hanyar haɓaka thermogenesis na nama mai launin ruwan kasa da kuma haifar da launin fata na mai. Hanyar ita ce ƙara matakan triiodothyronine (T3) a cikin mai launin ruwan kasa da ma'ajiyar kitse na inguinal. Yana haɓaka samar da zafi kuma ta haka yana hana kiba.

Bugu da ƙari, UA kuma yana da tasirin hana samar da melanin. Nazarin ya gano cewa UA na iya raunana samar da melanin a cikin ƙwayoyin melanoma B16. Babban tsarin shine cewa UA yana rinjayar tasirin kunnawa na tyrosinase ta hanyar hana gasa na tyrosinase tantanin halitta, don haka rage pigmentation. Don haka, UA yana da yuwuwar da inganci don yin fari da sauƙaƙe tabo. Kuma bincike ya nuna cewa urolithin A yana da tasirin canza tsufa na tsarin rigakafi. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano cewa lokacin da aka ƙara urolithin A a matsayin kari na abinci, ba wai kawai yana kunna kuzarin yankin lymphatic na tsarin rigakafi na linzamin kwamfuta ba, amma yana haɓaka ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na hematopoietic. Ayyukan gabaɗaya yana nuna yuwuwar urolithin A don magance raguwar tsarin rigakafi masu alaƙa da shekaru.

Don taƙaitawa, UA, a matsayin ƙwayar hanji na phytochemicals na halitta ETs, ya jawo hankali sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Tare da bincike kan tasirin magunguna da hanyoyin UA suna ƙara haɓakawa da zurfi, UA ba kawai tasiri bane a cikin ciwon daji da CVD (cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini). Yana da tasiri mai kyau na rigakafi da warkewa akan yawancin cututtuka na asibiti irin su ND (cututtukan neurodegenerative) da cututtuka na rayuwa. Hakanan yana nuna babbar damar aikace-aikacen a fagagen kyau da kula da lafiya kamar jinkirta tsufar fata, rage nauyin jiki da hana samar da melanin.

Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. shine masana'anta mai rijista na FDA wanda ke ba da inganci mai inganci da tsaftar Urolithin A foda.

A Suzhou Myland Pharm mun himmatu wajen samar da ingantattun kayayyaki a farashi mafi kyau. Our Urolithin A foda an gwada shi da ƙarfi don tsabta da ƙarfi, yana tabbatar da cewa kuna samun ƙarin ƙarin inganci da za ku iya amincewa. Ko kuna son tallafawa lafiyar salula, haɓaka tsarin rigakafi ko haɓaka lafiyar gaba ɗaya, Urolithin A foda shine cikakken zaɓi.

Tare da shekaru 30 na gwaninta da haɓaka ta hanyar fasaha mai zurfi da ingantattun dabarun R&D, Suzhou Myland Pharm ya haɓaka kewayon samfuran gasa kuma ya zama ƙarin ƙarin ilimin kimiyyar rayuwa, haɗin al'ada da kamfanin sabis na masana'antu.

Bugu da kari, Suzhou Myland Pharm kuma masana'anta ce mai rijista ta FDA. Abubuwan R&D na kamfanin, wuraren samarwa, da kayan aikin nazari na zamani ne kuma masu aiki da yawa, kuma suna iya samar da sinadarai daga milligrams zuwa ton a sikelin, kuma suna bin ka'idodin ISO 9001 da ƙayyadaddun samarwa GMP.