Kimiyyar da ke Bayan Urolithin A: Abin da Ya Kamata Ku Sani

Urolitin A (UA)wani sinadari ne da ake samarwa ta hanyar metabolism na flora na hanji a cikin abinci mai wadataccen ellagitannins (kamar rumman, raspberries, da sauransu). Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai hana kumburi, mai hana tsufa, mai hana antioxidant, haifar da mitophagy, da sauransu, kuma yana iya ketare shingen jini da kwakwalwa. Nazari da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa urolithin A na iya jinkirta tsufa, kuma binciken asibiti ya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako.

Menene urolithin A?

Urolithin A (Uro-A) wani nau'in ellagitannin (ET) ne na hanji. An gano shi a hukumance kuma an sanya masa suna a shekarar 2005. Tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​shine C13H8O4, kuma nauyin kwayoyin halittarsa ​​shine 228.2. A matsayin abin da ya fara samar da Uro-A, manyan hanyoyin abinci na ET sune rumman, strawberries, raspberries, gyada da jan giya. UA samfurin ET ne da ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji suka samar. UA yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na amfani da shi wajen rigakafi da magance cututtuka da yawa. A lokaci guda, UA yana da nau'ikan hanyoyin abinci iri-iri.

An gudanar da bincike kan tasirin antioxidant na urolithins. Urolithin-A ba ya wanzuwa a yanayin halitta, amma ana samar da shi ta hanyar jerin canje-canje na ET ta hanyar flora na hanji. UA samfuri ne na ETs waɗanda ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji ke metabolized. Abincin da ke da wadataccen ET yana ratsawa ta cikin ciki da ƙaramin hanji a cikin jikin ɗan adam, kuma daga ƙarshe ana metabolized galibi zuwa Uro-A a cikin hanji. Hakanan ana iya gano ƙaramin adadin Uro-A a cikin ƙananan hanji.

A matsayinsu na sinadarai na halitta na polyphenolic, ETs sun jawo hankali sosai saboda ayyukansu na halitta kamar su antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic da anti-virus. Baya ga samun su daga abinci kamar rumman, strawberries, gyada, raspberries da almonds, ana kuma samun ETs a cikin gall goro, bawon rumman, myrobalan, Dimininus, geranium, betel nut, ganyen buckthorn na teku, Phyllanthus, Uncaria, Sanguisorba, A cikin magungunan kasar Sin kamar Phyllanthus emblica da Agrimony.

Rukunin hydroxyl a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta na ETs yana da ɗan bambanci, wanda ba ya taimakawa wajen sha ta bangon hanji, kuma samuwarsa yana da ƙasa sosai. Nazari da yawa sun gano cewa bayan jikin ɗan adam ya cinye ETs, ana metabolize su ta hanyar flora na hanji a cikin hanji kuma a canza su zuwa urolithin kafin a sha su. Ana samar da ETs zuwa ellagic acid (EA) a cikin babban hanyar hanji, kuma EA yana ratsa hanji. Kwayoyin cuta suna ƙara sarrafawa kuma suna rasa zoben lactone kuma suna fuskantar ci gaba da halayen dehydroxylation don samar da urolithin. Akwai rahotannin cewa urolithin na iya zama tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin halittu na ETs a jiki.

Menene alaƙar bioavailability na urolithin?

Ganin haka, idan kai mai wayo ne, wataƙila ka riga ka san abin da ke da alaƙa da samuwar UA.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine abun da ke cikin microbiome ɗin, domin ba dukkan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta bane zasu iya samarwa. Kayan da aka samo daga UA sune ellagitannins da aka samo daga abinci. Wannan precursor yana samuwa cikin sauƙi kuma kusan ko'ina a yanayi.

Ana samar da sinadarin Ellagitannin a cikin hanji don fitar da sinadarin ellagic acid, wanda ake ƙara sarrafa shi ta hanyar flora na hanji zuwa urolithin A.

A cewar wani bincike da aka yi a mujallar Cell, kashi 40% ne kawai na mutane za su iya canza urolithin A daga abin da ya riga ya fara aiki zuwa urolithin A da za a iya amfani da shi ta halitta.

Menene aikin urolithin A?

Anti-tsufa

Ka'idar tsufa mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta yi imanin cewa nau'ikan iskar oxygen masu amsawa da aka samar a cikin metabolism na mitochondrial suna haifar da damuwa ta oxidative a cikin jiki kuma suna haifar da tsufa, kuma mitophagy yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye lafiyar mitochondrial da mutunci. An ruwaito cewa UA na iya daidaita mitophagy don haka yana nuna yuwuwar jinkirta tsufa. Ryu et al. sun gano cewa UA ta rage rashin aikin mitochondrial da tsawaita rayuwa a cikin Caenorhabditis elegans ta hanyar haifar da mitophagy; a cikin beraye, UA na iya mayar da raguwar aikin tsoka da ke da alaƙa da shekaru, yana nuna cewa UA yana inganta aikin mitochondrial ta hanyar haɓaka yawan tsoka da tsawaita rayuwar jiki. Liu et al. sun yi amfani da UA don shiga tsakani a cikin tsufan fibroblasts na fata. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa UA ya ƙara yawan bayyanar collagen na nau'in I kuma ya rage bayyanar matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Hakanan ya kunna amsawar antioxidant mai alaƙa da nukiliya Factor E2 factor 2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) yana rage ROS a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, don haka yana nuna ƙarfin hana tsufa.

Tasirin antioxidant

A halin yanzu, an gudanar da bincike da yawa kan tasirin antioxidant na urolithin. Daga cikin dukkan metabolites na urolithin, Uro-A yana da mafi ƙarfin aikin antioxidant, na biyu kawai bayan proanthocyanidin oligomers, catechins, epicatechin da 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Gwajin ƙarfin shaye-shayen oxygen radical (ORAC) na plasma na masu sa kai masu lafiya ya gano cewa ƙarfin antioxidant ya karu da kashi 32% bayan awanni 0.5 na shan ruwan rumman, amma matakin nau'in oxygen mai amsawa bai canza sosai ba, yayin da a cikin gwaje-gwajen Neuro-In vitro akan ƙwayoyin 2a suka gano cewa Uro-A na iya rage matakin nau'in oxygen mai amsawa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa Uro-A yana da tasirin antioxidant mai ƙarfi.

03. Urolithin A da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini

Yawan kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (CVD) a duniya yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, kuma yawan mace-macen yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Ba wai kawai yana ƙara nauyin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ba, har ma yana shafar ingancin rayuwar mutane sosai. CVD cuta ce mai yawan masana'antu. Kumburi na iya ƙara haɗarin CVD. Damuwar iskar oxygen tana da alaƙa da cutar CVD. Akwai rahotannin cewa metabolites da aka samo daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na hanji suna da alaƙa da haɗarin CVD.

An ruwaito cewa UA tana da tasirin hana kumburi da kuma hana tsufa, kuma binciken da ya dace ya tabbatar da cewa UA na iya taka rawa mai kyau a CVD. Savi et al. sun yi amfani da samfurin bera masu ciwon suga don gudanar da bincike a cikin jiki kan cututtukan zuciya na masu ciwon suga kuma sun gano cewa UA na iya rage martanin kumburi na farko na kyallen zuciya ga hyperglycemia, inganta yanayin zuciya na zuciya, da kuma haɓaka murmurewa daga rikicewar zuciya da kuma yanayin calcium, yana nuna cewa UA na iya amfani da shi azaman magani mai taimako don sarrafa cututtukan zuciya na masu ciwon suga da kuma hana rikitarwarsa.

UA na iya inganta aikin mitochondrial da aikin tsoka ta hanyar haifar da mitophagy. Mitochondria na zuciya sune manyan gabobin jiki da ke da alhakin samar da ATP mai wadataccen makamashi. Rashin aikin mitochondria shine tushen gazawar zuciya. A halin yanzu ana ɗaukar rashin aikin mitochondrial a matsayin wata hanyar magance matsalar. Saboda haka, UA ta zama sabuwar magani da ake amfani da ita don magance CVD.

Urolithin A da cututtukan jijiyoyi

Kumburin jijiyoyi muhimmin tsari ne wajen faruwa da kuma ci gaban cututtukan jijiyoyi (ND). Apoptosis da ke faruwa sakamakon damuwa ta oxidative da kuma tarin furotin mara kyau sau da yawa yakan haifar da kumburin jijiyoyi, kuma cytokines masu haifar da kumburi da kumburin jijiyoyi ke fitarwa daga baya suna shafar ci gaban jijiyoyi.

Bincike ya gano cewa UA tana shiga tsakani wajen hana kumburi ta hanyar haifar da autophagy da kuma kunna tsarin deacetylation na siginar shiru na 1 (SIRT-1), yana hana kumburin jijiyoyi da gubar jijiyoyi, da kuma hana ci gaban jijiyoyi, wanda ke nuna cewa UA wakili ne mai kariya daga jijiyoyi. A lokaci guda, wasu bincike sun gano cewa UA na iya yin tasirin kariya daga jijiyoyi ta hanyar kawar da tsattsauran ra'ayi kai tsaye da kuma hana oxidase.

Bincike ya nuna cewa ruwan rumman yana taka rawa wajen kare jijiyoyi ta hanyar ƙara yawan aikin mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, yana kiyaye matakin furotin Bcl-xL na hana apoptotic, yana rage tarin α-synuclein da lalacewar oxidative, da kuma shafar ayyukan jijiyoyi da kwanciyar hankali. Mahaɗan Urolithin sune abubuwan metabolites da tasirin ellagitannins a jiki kuma suna da ayyukan halittu kamar hana kumburi, damuwa ta hana oxidative, da kuma hana apoptosis. Urolithin na iya yin aikin kare jijiyoyi ta hanyar shingen jini-kwakwalwa kuma ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta ce mai yuwuwar aiki don shiga tsakani a cikin cututtukan jijiyoyi.

Urolithin A da cututtukan da ke shafar haɗin gwiwa da kashin baya

Cututtukan da ke lalata jijiyoyin jini suna faruwa ne sakamakon abubuwa da yawa kamar tsufa, damuwa, da rauni. Cututtukan da suka fi yawa a cikin gidajen abinci sune osteoarthritis (OA) da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini na intervertebral disc (IDD). Kasancewar hakan na iya haifar da ciwo da ƙarancin aiki, wanda ke haifar da asarar naƙuda da kuma haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar jama'a. Tsarin UA wajen magance cututtukan da ke lalata jijiyoyin jini na IDD na iya danganta da jinkirta ƙwayoyin halitta na nucleus pulposus (NP). NP muhimmin sashi ne na diskin intervertebral. Yana kula da aikin halittu na diskin intervertebral ta hanyar rarraba matsin lamba da kuma kula da homeostasis na matrix. Bincike ya gano cewa UA yana haifar da mitophagy ta hanyar kunna hanyar siginar AMPK, ta haka yana hana apoptosis na tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) da ƙwayoyin NP na osteosarcoma na ɗan adam ke haifarwa da rage lalacewar diskin intervertebral.

Urolithin A da cututtukan metabolism

Yawan cututtukan metabolism kamar kiba da ciwon suga yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, kuma an tabbatar da fa'idar amfani da polyphenols na abinci ga lafiyar ɗan adam daga ɓangarori da yawa kuma sun nuna yuwuwar rigakafi da maganin cututtukan metabolism. Polyphenols na Rumman da UA na metabolite na hanji na iya inganta alamun asibiti da suka shafi cututtukan metabolism, kamar lipase, α-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) da dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin metabolism na glucose da fatty acid. 4), da kuma kwayoyin halitta masu alaƙa kamar adiponectin, PPARγ, GLUT4 da FABP4 waɗanda ke shafar bambancin adipocyte da tarin triglyceride (TG).

Bugu da ƙari, wasu bincike sun kuma gano cewa UA tana da yuwuwar rage alamun kiba. UA samfuri ne na metabolism na hanji na polyphenols. Waɗannan metabolites suna da ikon rage tarin TG a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta da adipocytes. Abdulrasheed et al. sun ciyar da berayen Wistar abinci mai yawan kitse don haifar da kiba. Maganin UA ba wai kawai yana ƙara yawan fitar da kitse a cikin najasa ba, har ma yana rage yawan kitsen visceral adipose da nauyin jiki ta hanyar daidaita kwayoyin halitta da ke da alaƙa da lipogenesis da oxidation na fatty acid. Yana rage tarin kitsen hanta da damuwar oxidative. A lokaci guda, UA na iya ƙara yawan amfani da kuzari ta hanyar haɓaka thermogenesis na kyallen adipose mai launin ruwan kasa da haifar da launin ruwan kasa na farin mai. Tsarin shine ƙara matakan triiodothyronine (T3) a cikin kitse mai launin ruwan kasa da ma'ajiyar kitse na inguinal. Yana ƙara samar da zafi kuma ta haka yana hana kiba.

Bugu da ƙari, UA yana da tasirin hana samar da melanin. Bincike ya gano cewa UA na iya raunana samar da melanin a cikin ƙwayoyin melanoma na B16 sosai. Babban hanyar ita ce UA yana shafar kunna tyrosinase mai ƙarfi ta hanyar hana tyrosinase ta hanyar gasa, ta haka yana rage launin fata. Saboda haka, UA yana da yuwuwar da inganci don yin fari da haske a wurare. Kuma bincike ya nuna cewa urolithin A yana da tasirin juya tsufa na tsarin garkuwar jiki. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano cewa lokacin da aka ƙara urolithin A a matsayin ƙarin abinci, ba wai kawai yana kunna kuzarin yankin lymphatic na tsarin garkuwar jiki na linzamin kwamfuta ba, har ma yana haɓaka aikin ƙwayoyin tushe na hematopoietic. Gabaɗaya aikin yana nuna yuwuwar urolithin A don yaƙar raguwar tsarin garkuwar jiki da ke da alaƙa da tsufa.

A taƙaice dai, UA, a matsayin wani sinadari na hanji na halitta na phytochemicals ETs, ya jawo hankali sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Ganin cewa binciken da aka yi kan tasirin magunguna da hanyoyin UA yana ƙara faɗaɗawa da zurfi, UA ba wai kawai yana da tasiri a cikin ciwon daji da CVD (cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini) ba. Yana da kyakkyawan tasiri na rigakafi da magani ga cututtuka da yawa na asibiti kamar ND (cututtukan neurodegenerative) da cututtukan metabolism. Hakanan yana nuna babban yuwuwar amfani a fannoni na kyau da kula da lafiya kamar jinkirta tsufan fata, rage nauyin jiki da hana samar da melanin.

Kamfanin Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. kamfani ne da ke da rijistar FDA wanda ke samar da foda mai inganci da tsafta mai inganci.

A Suzhou Myland Pharm, mun himmatu wajen samar da kayayyaki mafi inganci a mafi kyawun farashi. Ana gwada foda Urolithin A ɗinmu sosai don tabbatar da tsarki da ƙarfi, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa kun sami ƙarin magani mai inganci da za ku iya amincewa da shi. Ko kuna son tallafawa lafiyar ƙwayoyin halitta, haɓaka garkuwar jikinku ko haɓaka lafiyar gaba ɗaya, foda Urolithin A ɗinmu shine zaɓi mafi kyau.

Tare da shekaru 30 na gwaninta da kuma jagorancin fasaha mai zurfi da dabarun bincike da ci gaba mai kyau, Suzhou Myland Pharm ta ƙirƙiro nau'ikan kayayyaki masu gasa daban-daban kuma ta zama kamfanin ƙarin kimiyya na rayuwa, kera na musamman da ayyukan masana'antu.

Bugu da ƙari, Suzhou Myland Pharm shi ma kamfani ne mai rijistar FDA. Albarkatun bincike da ci gaba na kamfanin, wuraren samarwa, da kayan aikin nazari na zamani ne kuma suna da ayyuka da yawa, kuma suna iya samar da sinadarai daga milligrams zuwa tan a sikelin, kuma suna bin ƙa'idodin ISO 9001 da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na samarwa na GMP.